This study seeks to examine the relationship between social capital and political capital in Iran within the theoretical frameworks of Putnam and Bourdieu. Putnam conceptualizes social capital as comprising social networks, trust, and shared norms that structure social interactions. In contrast, Bourdieu defines political capital as a form of symbolic capital and a product of power relations, rooted in followers’ trust in political elites and grounded in economic, cultural, social, and symbolic resources. The research employs a descriptive–analytical approach, utilizing secondary analysis of data from the fifth (2005) and seventh (2020) waves of the World Values Survey, statistical analysis via SPSS, library research, and thematic analysis of policy documents. The central research question asks how the link between social and political capital in Iran can be explained, and what strategies may contribute to their simultaneous enhancement. Findings indicate that higher levels of trust in institutions and public groups—particularly trust in government and positive attitudes toward policymaking—are positively and significantly associated with indicators of political capital. Conversely, generalized trust and civic honesty have no significant impact on political capital. Furthermore, participation in non-governmental organizations does not strengthen political capital and, in some respects, has negative effects. The study concludes by outlining a set of strategies for promoting social and political capital, the most important of which include fostering trust, enhancing transparency, reinforcing the rule of law, improving institutional effectiveness, strengthening the interaction of anti-corruption bodies with citizens and civil associations, expanding platforms for public participation, and cultivating a culture of political dialogue.