This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social factors and the desire for multiple children based on religious and national perceptions among Iranian women. The statistical population included married women aged 18 to 45 with at least three children, who were surveyed through a mixed sampling method (purposive and snowball) via an online questionnaire (N=477). Findings revealed that perceptions of religious recommendations (with agreement rates of 72.7-78.4%) were the strongest predictor of multiple children, while ethnic norms had the least influence (10.7% agreement). Path analysis indicated that health patterns (β=0.183) and virtual activity (β=0.143) reinforced religious perceptions, whereas education weakened fatalistic beliefs (β=−0.193). Political discourse, with 58.7% agreement, played a complementary role to religion in encouraging childbearing. The study concludes that in Iran, population policies should focus on redefining religious discourse (not merely ethnic narratives), and media should promote responsible multi-child parenting through health-oriented content. . . . .