With the entry into the era of globalization and the growth of new communication technologies, local identities in societies, such as religious and national identity, have been eroded. The main purpose of the research is to identify the causes and consequences of the erosion of religious and national identity in students in Arak city. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach using thematic analysis and semi-structured interview tools. With the help of purposeful sampling and with the theoretical saturation criterion, 35 interviewees were interviewed and finally the collected data were coded and analyzed in the form of two overarching themes and 16 organizing themes. The findings of this study revealed nine organizing themes that explain the underlying causes of the erosion of religious and national identity among students in the city of Arak. These include borderless media and cultural disintegration; peer dominance and informal role modeling; parental absence in identity formation; the “digital corona” and the acceleration of identity transformation; the crisis of meaning during adolescence; soulless schools and identity-free education; outdated structures and formalistic upbringing; social dissatisfaction and weakened sense of belonging; and religious disengagement reflected in the rupture between belief and behavior. In addition, seven organizing themes were identified as the major consequences of this identity erosion: the weakening of moral and religious boundaries; social deviation and adolescent vulnerability; civic indifference and social isolation; consumerist and marketized identity; emotional divergence within the family; meaninglessness and motivational fatigue; and psychological fragmentation and disintegration. Together, these findings suggest that the erosion of religious and national identity is a multifaceted phenomenon rooted in structural, cultural, and psychological dynamics that simultaneously shape the lived experiences of today’s students.