Introduction: The present study examines the role of cultural diplomacy components in strengthening relations between Iran and Kuwait. Focusing on the theoretical framework of functionalism and employing a descriptive-analytical method, this study analyzes the challenges and opportunities facing the cultural diplomacy of the two countries.
This study aims to: 1) explain the role of cultural diplomacy in bilateral relations between Iran and Kuwait; 2) identify common cultural components between the two countries; 3) analyze the challenges and opportunities of cultural diplomacy in the Persian Gulf region; and 4) provide solutions to strengthen cultural interactions and their impact on political-economic relations.
Methods: This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, drawing on library resources, official documents, and field data. Data collection tools included: content analysis of diplomatic documents; interviews with experts in international relations and cultural diplomacy; and a review of joint cultural programs between Iran and Kuwait.
Findings: First, historical and cultural commonalities between Iran and Kuwait include: a shared history dating back centuries, with historical commonalities in trade, navigation, and cultural migrations; the influence of the Persian language on local dialects in Kuwait, alongside the presence of shared poets and writers; and religious commonalities (Shia and Sunni) that play a role in strengthening interfaith dialogue. Second, the components of cultural diplomacy between Iran and Kuwait comprise: academic and scientific exchange (granting scholarships to Kuwaiti students and offering Persian language courses); artistic and cinematic cooperation (participation in film festivals and art exhibitions); media relations (broadcasting joint television programs and producing cultural content); and cultural tourism (developing pilgrimages and historical tours between the two countries). Third, the challenges facing cultural diplomacy include: political differences and the impact of regional tensions on the decline of cultural cooperation; media constraints, specifically insufficient coverage of Iranian cultural events in Kuwaiti media; and a lack of joint cultural institutions, highlighting the need to establish cultural houses and sustainable friendship associations. Fourth, opportunities for cultural diplomacy consist of: educational capacities (expanding joint international universities); citizen diplomacy (strengthening the role of non-governmental organizations in cultural interactions); and the cultural economy (developing creative industries such as film, music, and handicrafts as a platform for cooperation).
Conclusion: The findings show that cultural diplomacy between Iran and Kuwait, despite political challenges, possesses considerable dynamism. Developing cultural indicators such as academic exchanges, media cooperation, and tourism can help strengthen bilateral relations. The research’s recommendations include: 1) establishing a joint Iran-Kuwait Cultural Council for long-term planning; 2) increasing the budget for cultural programs in the embassies of the two countries; and 3) using digital diplomacy to attract young people through social networks. This research demonstrates that cultural diplomacy can act as a bridge to reduce political tensions and strengthen regional cooperation. By relying on historical commonalities and investing in education and the arts, Iran and Kuwait can provide a successful model of international cooperation in West Asia.