پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات فصلنامه علمی مطالعات راهبردی فرهنگ 2783-3577 6 1 2026 04 21 Decision-Making Process of Women Regarding Continuing Pregnancy or Abortion: A Qualitative Study in Tehran فرایند تصمیم‌گیری زنان برای تداوم بارداری یا سقط‌جنین: مطالعه‌ای کیفی در شهر تهران 9 47 230209 10.22083/scsj.2025.503422.1256 FA حجیه بی بی رازقی نصرآباد دانشیارجمعیت‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم خانواده، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول) 0000-0002-0990-9689 سهیلا صادقی فسائی استاد گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2025 01 30 Introduction: Globally, more than half of pregnancies are unintended or unplanned, and approximately two-fifths of these end in abortion (Lokubal et al., 2021; World Health Organization, 2021). In Iran, abortion is performed under conditions where intentional abortion is not legally permitted. In Shia jurisprudence, abortion is strictly considered “haram” (forbidden) except in exceptional cases and is equated with intentional murder (Razaghi Nasrabad & Sanjari, 2017; Rostami et al., 2013; Mohammadi, 2007). However, whether performed within legal frameworks or through illegal channels, the decision-making process and actions toward abortion require in-depth study. This issue cannot be limited to an individual woman’s decision alone; rather, various actors appear to play roles in this process, from gathering information to making decisions and ultimately either acting on abortion or refraining from it. Identifying the stages, actors, and mechanisms of abortion is the focus of this article, which aims to provide a deeper understanding of the decision-making and action process through a qualitative study. Methods: The study adopted a qualitative approach using grounded theory methodology, with participatory observation and in-depth interviews as tools. The sample included 46 ever-married women in Tehran, identified through purposive and snowball sampling, as well as referrals to physicians and midwives in 2024. Some interviews were audio-recorded, while others were transcribed by the researcher during the interviews. Coding was conducted in three stages: open, axial, and selective. The validity and reliability of the research were ensured through four criteria: credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. Findings: Among the participants, 22 had experienced abortion: 10 unintentional and 11 intentional (illegal), with one participant having experienced both. The remaining participants had experienced unplanned pregnancies (unintended or mistimed). The decision-making process involved three stages: cognitive, decision-making, and action (either continuing or terminating the pregnancy). In the cognitive stage, individuals sought information about abortion from various sources, including social media, friends or acquaintances, physicians, and traditional healers. The choice of sources depended on pregnancy type (unintended or complicated), awareness of laws, personal or peer experiences, and socio-cultural context. For pregnancies threatening maternal or fetal health, medical professionals were the primary source. In unintended pregnancies, participants relied on diverse sources, including traditional healers, herbalists, and social networks-the latter being the most accessible and frequently cited resource, especially among women with recent unintended pregnancies. In the decision-making stage, two themes emerged: (1) “Reproductive decisions as a joint project with the spouse” and (2) “The dual role of family, physicians, and friends as inhibitors or facilitators.” These highlighted how collective actions and decisions within social networks sway individuals toward continuing or terminating pregnancies. Experiences of women who underwent abortion revealed two broad categories: (1) legal abortions, conducted under medical supervision in hygienic hospital settings, and (2) self-initiated abortions, pursued through unsafe, illegal channels without official support. Except for three cases, none sought post-abortion medical consultation or care. Some were advised by drug sellers to confirm uterine evacuation after one to two weeks. Those experiencing severe pain or bleeding post-abortion visited private clinics but avoided public hospitals due to fear of stigma, legal repercussions, or documentation in medical records. Discussion and Conclusion: The decision-making process for abortion is complex and turbulent. After learning of a pregnancy, individuals combine information from diverse sources with personal values, fears, and familial circumstances. Social and familial networks critically influence decisions. In self-initiated abortions driven by personal choice, some women persisted despite severe risks-a reflection of socio-cultural pressures where preventing the birth of an unwanted child outweighs personal health consequences. These individuals felt so desperate that they disregarded potential abortion complications or their own well-being. Establishing formal platforms for accurate information on abortion consequences, stricter oversight of pregnancy-related advertisements, family support systems, and specialized counseling centers are essential to mitigate adverse physical and mental health outcomes. در سرتاسر جهان بیش از نیمی از بارداری‌های ناخواسته یا برنامه‌ریزی نشده هستند که حدود دوپنجم از آن‌ها به سقط‌جنین ختم می‌شوند. در ایران سقط‌جنین در شرایطی انجام می‌شود که مطابق قانون، سقط عمدی مجاز شمرده نمی‌شود. نحوه تصمیم‌گیری و اقدام برای اختتام و یا تداوم بارداری، شناسایی مراحل و بازیگران این فرایند موضوعی است که این مقاله بدان تمرکز دارد. رویکرد مطالعه کیفی با روش نظریه داده بنیاد و ابزار مشاهده مشارکتی و مصاحبه عمیق بوده است. تعداد افراد نمونه 46 زن دارای همسر در شهر تهران که به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد تصمیم‌گیری و اقدام به تداوم یا اختتام بارداری در سه مرحله شناختی، تصمیم‌گیری و اقدام یا انصراف شکل می‌گیرد. در مرحله شناختی افراد با مراجعه به منابع مختلف، اطلاعاتی در مورد سقط‌جنین کسب می‌کنند. در مرحله تصمیم‌گیری شبکه‌ای از کنش‌ها و تصمیمات جمعی در تردیدهای مسیر بارداری فرد را به سمت تداوم یا اختتام بارداری سوق می‌دهد. در مواردی که سقط قانونی است، تمام فرایند تحت مراقبت پزشکی و در محیط کاملاً بهداشتی بیمارستان انجام می‌شود؛ اما در سقط‌های خودخواسته که از پشتوانه مراجع رسمی و قانونی برخوردار نیستند، سقط‌جنین از مسیرهای غیرقانونی و در شرایط ناایمن دنبال می‌شود. درمجموع ایجاد بسترهای رسمی برای ارائه اطلاعات صحیح درباره پیامدهای سقط‌جنین، نظارت دقیق‌تر بر محتوای تبلیغاتی مربوط به مشاوره‌های بارداری، حمایت کافی از خانواده‌ها و ایجاد مراکز مشاوره تخصصی برای تصمیم‌گیری درست به‌دوراز پیامدهای منفی بر روی سلامت روانی و جسمی اهمیت اساسی دارد.

https://scsj.ricac.ac.ir/article_230209_52d62f56b0c69764d4cd9d3163f0f96a.pdf

پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات فصلنامه علمی مطالعات راهبردی فرهنگ 2783-3577 6 1 2026 04 21 Strengthening Social and Political Capital: Lessons from World Values Survey Evidence and Iran’s Policy Guidelines تقویت سرمایه اجتماعی و سیاسی: آموزه‌هایی از شواهد پیمایش ارزش‌های جهانی و رهنمودهای سیاستی ایران 49 94 234437 10.22083/scsj.2025.543808.1303 FA علی نوازنی پژوهشگر پسادکتری علوم سیاسی، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران 0000-0003-1399-7463 حسین هرسیج استاد علوم سیاسی، عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم سیاسی دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول) 0000-0003-1209-4270 Journal Article 2025 08 28 Introduction: In recent decades, Iranian society has undergone profound political, social, and cultural transformations. Revolutions, wars, and technological developments have reshaped patterns of political and social participation, while the decline of public trust and the erosion of social capital signal a growing crisis in the relationship between the state and society. Cultural, economic, and political cleavages-particularly between tradition and modernity, and between Islamic democracy and Western liberal democracy-depict a transitional society characterized by conflicting fields of power. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s framework, concepts such as field, habitus, and misrecognition serve as analytical tools to explain how inequality is reproduced and how the symbolic order of power is maintained. Formal political institutions, perceiving crises primarily as threats to the established order, have often contributed-perhaps unintentionally-to the weakening of political capital grounded in trust and social legitimacy. In light of Robert Putnam’s theory, social capital-defined as networks of trust and civic cooperation-constitutes a fundamental condition for the sustainability of democracy and the reproduction of political capital. Accordingly, this study, utilizing data from the World Values Survey and the policy framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran, examines the reciprocal relationship between social and political capital and proposes policy-oriented strategies to enhance public trust and civic participation. The central question of this study is how the relationship between social and political capital in Iran can be explained theoretically and empirically, and what strategies may foster their simultaneous enhancement. In a context where recent political, economic, and cultural developments have led to the erosion of public trust, declining political participation, and the deepening of social polarization, this research-drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Pierre Bourdieu and Robert Putnam-seeks to identify the mechanisms underlying the reproduction or weakening of these forms of capital. The main objective is to analyze data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and conduct a thematic analysis of national policy documents to derive practical policy strategies aimed at rebuilding social trust, promoting civic engagement, and strengthening political legitimacy within the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: This study adopts a descriptive–analytical design, employing a mixed-methods approach that integrates both quantitative and qualitative perspectives to examine the interconnection between social capital and political capital in Iran. In the quantitative phase, data from the fifth (2005) and seventh (2020) waves of the World Values Survey (WVS) were utilized to analyze trends in trust, participation, and political legitimacy. The data were processed and analyzed using SPSS software. To assess the relationship between the components of social capital (trust, civic participation, and social networks) and political capital (institutional trust, political engagement, and regime legitimacy), the Pearson correlation test was applied. In the qualitative phase, a library-based thematic analysis approach was employed to examine Iran’s national policy documents, including general policies, development plans, and policy statements, in order to extract the key principles and policy orientations related to social and political capital. Accordingly, the research is structured across three analytical levels (descriptive, interpretive, and policy-oriented) to provide a comprehensive and multidimensional understanding of the subject. Findings: Analysis of data from the fifth (2005) and seventh (2020) waves of the World Values Survey indicates that the level of social capital in Iran has remained relatively stagnant over the past two decades and continues to be comparatively weak. Although trust in public institutions increased from 41.4% to 68%, other components-such as generalized trust, civic honesty, and participation in non-governmental organizations-have declined. In 2020, approximately 85% of respondents considered people generally untrustworthy, and nearly 90% reported no active membership in civic organizations. Regarding political capital, high levels of distrust toward governmental institutions and politicians persist. Over half of the citizens were either indifferent to or critical of political actors, and only 45% consistently participated in elections. Correlation analyses reveal that trust in public institutions is positively associated with trust in the government and political participation; however, generalized trust and civic honesty do not have a significant impact on political capital. Furthermore, participation in civic organizations was associated with decreased political engagement, reflecting a disconnect between civil society and political institutions and highlighting the weakness in the institutional reproduction of social capital in Iran. An examination of Iran’s overarching policy documents also underscores a focus on national cohesion, religious democracy, transparency, social justice, and the promotion of civic participation. These guidelines can be classified into three levels: macro (accountability and transparency), meso (development of civic institutions and councils), and micro (strengthening the rule of law and voluntary participation). The simultaneous realization of social and political capital requires a combination of institutional reforms and the enhancement of a participatory culture. Conclusion: Over the past two decades, social and political capital have emerged as fundamental components in analyzing Iran’s political and social transformations. The findings of this study indicate that, despite the emphasis of high-level policy documents on strengthening these forms of capital, their development has experienced a relative decline. Reductions in public trust, voluntary participation, and political belonging have led social capital to manifest primarily through intra-group relationships and closed identities-a pattern that, in Putnam’s terms, impedes the expansion of bridging capital and broader social cohesion. Simultaneously, only certain dimensions of social capital, such as institutional trust, show a positive correlation with political capital indicators, including electoral participation and political trust, whereas civic integrity and membership in non-governmental organizations exert only limited influence on political engagement. Data analysis further reveals that the concentration of power, the weakness of intermediary institutions, inequality, and a lack of transparency have contributed to a widening gap between society and the political system. From the perspectives of Putnam and Bourdieu, overcoming this situation requires the strengthening of horizontal networks, equitable redistribution of resources, and the institutionalization of a culture of dialogue. Accordingly, effective policymaking must operate across three levels: reforming formal structures and enhancing transparency at the macro level, supporting civil society organizations at the meso level, and promoting intergroup dialogue and social justice at the micro level. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین رابطه میان سرمایه اجتماعی و سرمایه سیاسی در ایران انجام‌شده و در چارچوب نظری پاتنام و بوردیو قرار می‌گیرد. پاتنام سرمایه اجتماعی را متشکل از شبکه‌های ارتباطی، اعتماد و هنجارهای مشترک می‌داند که تعاملات اجتماعی را سامان می‌دهند. در مقابل، بوردیو سرمایه سیاسی را نوعی سرمایه نمادین و محصول روابط قدرت معرفی می‌کند که از اعتماد پیروان به نخبگان سیاسی برمی‌خیزد و بر منابع اقتصادی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی و نمادین استوار است. روش تحقیق پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی بوده و با بهره‌گیری از تحلیل ثانویه داده‌های موج پنجم (۲۰۰۵) و هفتم (۲۰۲۰) پیمایش ارزش‌های جهانی، تحلیل آماری با نرم‌افزار SPSS، روش کتابخانه‌ای و تحلیل مضمون اسناد بالادستی انجام شده است. پرسش اصلی پژوهش چنین قابل طرح است که پیوند میان سرمایه اجتماعی و سیاسی در ایران چگونه تبیین می‌شود و چه راهبردهایی می‌تواند به تقویت هم‌زمان آن‌ها کمک کند. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد افزایش اعتماد به نهادها و گروه‌های عمومی، به‌ویژه اعتماد به دولت و نگرش مثبت به سیاست‌گذاری، با شاخص‌های سرمایه سیاسی رابطه‌ای مثبت و معنادار دارد. در مقابل، اعتماد تعمیم‌یافته و درست‌کاری مدنی اثر معناداری بر سرمایه سیاسی ندارند. همچنین، مشارکت در سازمان‌های غیردولتی نه‌تنها تقویت‌کننده سرمایه سیاسی نیست، بلکه در برخی ابعاد تأثیر منفی دارد. در پایان، مجموعه‌ای از راهبردها برای ارتقای سرمایه اجتماعی و سیاسی ارائه شده که مهم‌ترین آن‌ها شامل اعتمادسازی، شفافیت، قانون‌گرایی، ارتقای کارآمدی نهادی، تقویت تعامل نهادهای مبارزه با فساد با مردم و انجمن‌های مدنی، گسترش بسترهای مشارکت عمومی و توسعه فرهنگ گفت‌وگوی سیاسی است.

https://scsj.ricac.ac.ir/article_234437_675088dd3d7c25a88d4e8dedc5f07103.pdf

پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات فصلنامه علمی مطالعات راهبردی فرهنگ 2783-3577 6 1 2026 04 21 Participatory Policy-Making for the Redesign of Cultural Spaces from ‎the Users’ Perspective راهکارهای سیاست‌گذاری بازطراحی فضاهای فرهنگی از منظر کاربران بر اساس رویکرد مشارکتی 95 130 227054 10.22083/scsj.2025.523602.1284 FA لیلی عزیززاده گروه معماری، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران ‏ 0009-0008-4665-7485 رضا نقدبیشی گروه معماری، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول) 0000-0002-0662-5955 Journal Article 2025 05 15 Introduction: Cultural spaces play a vital role in representing collective identity, preserving historical continuity, and fostering public engagement within societies. In Iran, however, the design and redesign of such spaces have traditionally been shaped by top-down governmental and institutional policies, often overlooking the experiential needs and expectations of users. Addressing this critical gap, the present study aims to identify the key components influencing the redesign of cultural spaces through a participatory approach, ultimately providing actionable strategies for cultural policymaking. Methods: Employing a pragmatist paradigm and a mixed-methods design, this research integrates qualitative and quantitative analyses to ensure comprehensive insight. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 experts in architecture and cultural policy, using purposive and snowball sampling. Thematic analysis and three-stage coding were performed using MAXQDA to reveal the essential components shaping participatory redesign. Subsequently, a researcher-developed questionnaire based on these components was distributed among 73 users of cultural spaces, exceeding the minimum sample size of 68 calculated using Cochran’s formula. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 for descriptive statistics and SmartPLS 3.3.9 for structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: The findings highlight physical configurations, functional adaptability, cultural identity, and human needs as the most influential elements in participatory redesign. In particular, spatial layout, cultural patterns, and experiential qualities emerged as primary factors shaping user engagement and satisfaction. These results suggest that embedding local cultural narratives and traditions into the design process significantly enhances users’ sense of belonging and collective memory. This aligns with theoretical frameworks such as Lefebvre’s “production of space” and Relph’s “sense of place,” emphasizing that spaces lacking cultural resonance risk alienation and functional inefficacy. The study also engages critically with Arnstein’s ladder of participation, revealing that architectural and urban design projects in Iran often remain at lower levels of participation-symbolic consultation rather than meaningful power-sharing. Although users express a strong willingness to engage, structural mechanisms enabling real influence are largely absent. Consequently, the research advocates for a shift from tokenistic involvement toward genuine co-decision-making to ensure social legitimacy and sustainable spatial outcomes. From a policy perspective, the study underscores the need to integrate cultural and social indicators into architectural assessment frameworks. While technical and economic criteria have historically dominated, this research demonstrates that cultural compatibility and social inclusivity are essential for the long-term success and relevance of public spaces. Incorporating qualitative measures such as collective memory, experiential quality, and community adaptability into urban planning can help prevent cultural homogenization and create richer, more meaningful spaces. Moreover, the research emphasizes the urgent necessity of reforming architectural education in Iran. Current curricula predominantly focus on formal and technical aspects, often at the expense of social and cultural considerations. The study recommends incorporating interdisciplinary courses on spatial anthropology, cultural policy analysis, and participatory design to cultivate architects who understand and respond to complex socio-cultural dynamics. This educational reform is essential for training professionals capable of effectively transforming community needs into spatial design. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of institutionalizing participatory mechanisms, including neighborhood design councils, interactive digital feedback platforms, and local design workshops. These initiatives not only empower communities but also enhance spatial quality and foster public trust. The research suggests implementing transparent cultural impact assessments throughout project cycles to support adaptive learning and continuous improvement in urban development. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study contributes significantly to the discourse on cultural policy and participatory design by offering empirically grounded insights and actionable recommendations. It demonstrates that culturally responsive and participatory approaches to redesigning cultural spaces can strengthen social cohesion, promote collective identity, and improve spatial functionality. The findings emphasize that architectural design should transcend formal aesthetics and evolve into a multidimensional socio-cultural practice that involves users as active co-creators. By integrating cultural policy, community empowerment, and educational reform, a more context-sensitive and participatory urban future can be envisioned for Iran and similar cultural contexts. فضاهای فرهنگی به‌عنوان نمادهای تمدنی و صحنه‌هایی برای تجلی فعالیت‌های فرهنگی جامعه، ازجمله فضاهایی هستند که به دلیل عدم توجه جامع به کیفیت آن‌ها و اتکای صرف به سیاست‌گذاری‌های نهادی و دولتی، نیازمند بازنگری جدی از منظر کاربران به‌عنوان مصرف‌کنندگان اصلی به شمار می‌آیند. چنین رویکردی می‌تواند نقطه عزیمتی برای تدوین سیاست‌گذاری‌های مؤثرتر در طراحی یا بازطراحی این فضاها باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی و تحلیل مؤلفه‌های اثرگذار در بازطراحی فضاهای فرهنگی با رویکرد مشارکتی به‌منظور ارائه چارچوبی جامع برای سیاست‌گذاری فرهنگی است و در همین راستا، تلاش دارد به راهکارهایی عملی برای ارتقای کیفیت فضایی و بهبود سیاست‌گذاری فرهنگی دست یابد. این مطالعه بر مبنای پارادایم عمل‌گرایی و با روش آمیخته (کیفی-کمّی) انجام شده است. در مرحله کیفی، از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با متخصصان حوزه معماری و سیاست‌گذاری فرهنگی، مؤلفه‌های کلیدی شناسایی گردید. سپس در مرحله کمّی، بر اساس این مؤلفه‌ها، پرسشنامه‌ای محقق‌ساخته طراحی و داده‌ها از ۷۳ نفر از کاربران جمع‌آوری شد که از حجم نمونه حداقلی ۶۸ نفر فراتر رفت. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد مؤلفه‌هایی نظیر الگوهای فرهنگی، نیازهای انسانی و نحوه چیدمان فضایی، از مهم‌ترین عوامل اثرگذار در بازطراحی فضاهای فرهنگی هستند و می‌توانند در سیاست‌گذاری‌های مرتبط، نقشی کلیدی ایفا کنند. این مؤلفه‌ها به‌عنوان اصول راهبردی برای بهبود و ارتقای کیفیت فضایی پیشنهاد شده‌اند و ظرفیت آن را دارند که مبنای تدوین سیاست‌های کلان فرهنگی قرار گیرند تا علاوه بر افزایش کارایی عملکردی، به تقویت احساس تعلق و هویت جمعی نیز منجر شوند.

https://scsj.ricac.ac.ir/article_227054_e534404c194fb432e4cf78b9b7816f27.pdf

پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات فصلنامه علمی مطالعات راهبردی فرهنگ 2783-3577 6 1 2026 04 21 The relationship between social factors and the desire for multiple children based on religious and national perceptions among women رابطه عوامل اجتماعی و تمایل به چندفرزندی بر مبنای ادراکات دینی و ملی در زنان 131 159 231504 10.22083/scsj.2025.506901.1260 FA افسانه توسلی هیئت‌علمی گروه مطالعات زنان و خانواده، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) 0000-0002-1651-1767 فاطمه امیدی کارشناسی ارشد مطالعات زنان و خانواده، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی و اقتصادی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران، ایران. 0009-0005-9616-0061 Journal Article 2025 02 15 Introduction: This study examines the complex relationship between social factors and the desire for larger families among Iranian women, with a particular focus on the role of religious and national identity perceptions. As Iran faces significant demographic challenges marked by a declining fertility rate of 1.71 children per woman in 2020, understanding the cultural and psychological drivers behind reproductive decisions becomes increasingly important. The research specifically targets women who have already chosen to have three or more children, aiming to uncover the underlying motivations that lead to this fertility pattern despite broader societal trends toward smaller families. Methods: Through a comprehensive survey of 477 married women aged 18–45, the study revealed several critical insights about contemporary Iranian society. Religious beliefs emerged as the most powerful factor influencing fertility choices, with 78.4% of respondents strongly endorsing the view that children represent divine blessings, and 72.7% actively following Quranic recommendations about childbearing. These religious motivations appeared significantly stronger than economic considerations, which typically dominate fertility discussions in Western contexts. The research also uncovered how modern technology interacts with traditional values, showing that women’s engagement with virtual spaces both reinforces religious perspectives (β = 0.143) and increases awareness of national population policies (β = 0.224). Findings: An unexpected finding concerned the diminishing influence of ethnic traditions on family size decisions. Only 10.7% of participants reported that their local cultural norms affected their fertility choices, suggesting a weakening of longstanding community pressures regarding family planning. Education level played a complex mediating role, with higher education reducing belief in religious fatalism about childbearing (β = -0.193) while also making women less susceptible to ethnic expectations (β = -0.1). The study highlighted how Iran’s unique combination of Islamic values and modern communication technologies creates a distinctive environment for fertility decision-making, in which religious teachings remain influential but are increasingly interpreted through individual rather than communal frameworks. Conclusion: These findings have important implications for addressing Iran’s demographic challenges. They suggest that effective policies to encourage sustainable fertility rates should engage with religious values while respecting women’s growing autonomy in family planning decisions. The research demonstrates that simplistic approaches focusing solely on economic incentives or ethnic traditions may prove ineffective, and instead calls for nuanced strategies that acknowledge the sophisticated ways in which Iranian women balance spiritual beliefs, national identity, and personal circumstances when making decisions about family size. The study ultimately depicts a society in transition, where traditional religious values maintain their importance but are being reinterpreted through modern lenses of individual choice and digital connectivity. این پژوهش باهدف بررسی رابطه عوامل اجتماعی و تمایل به چندفرزندی بر مبنای ادراکات دینی و ملی در زنان ایرانی انجام شد. جامعه آماری شامل زنان متأهل ۱۸ تا ۴۵ سال دارای حداقل سه فرزند بود که با روش نمونه‌گیری ترکیبی (هدفمند و گلوله برفی) و از طریق پرسشنامه آنلاین به تعداد ۴۷۷ بررسی شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد ادراک از توصیه‌های دینی (با میانگین موافقت ۷۲.۷-۷۸.۴ درصد) قوی‌ترین پیش‌بینی کننده چندفرزندی است، درحالی‌که هنجارهای قومیتی کمترین تأثیر را داشتند (۱۰.۷ درصد موافق). تحلیل مسیر حاکی از آن بود که الگوی سلامت (۰.۱۸۳=β) و فعالیت مجازی (۰.۱۴۳=β) در تقویت ادراک دینی مؤثرند، درحالی‌که تحصیلات با تضعیف باورهای جبرگرایانه (۰.۱۹۳= β) همراه بود. گفتمان سیاسی نیز با ۵۸.۷ درصد موافقت، نقش مکمل دین را در ترغیب فرزندآوری نشان داد. این مطالعه مؤید آن است که در ایران، سیاست‌های جمعیتی باید بر بازتعریف گفتمان دینی (نه صرفاً قومیتی) متمرکز شوند و رسانه‌ها با تولید محتوای سلامت‌محور، الگوی چندفرزندی مسئولانه را ترویج دهند.

https://scsj.ricac.ac.ir/article_231504_6b24d7f10142397961b878100185a04e.pdf

پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات فصلنامه علمی مطالعات راهبردی فرهنگ 2783-3577 6 1 2026 04 21 Cultural Diplomacy, the New Strategy for Interaction between Iran and Kuwait دیپلماسی فرهنگی، راهبرد جدید تعامل ایران و کویت 161 190 233765 10.22083/scsj.2025.516723.1273 FA زینب درویشوند دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)قزوین، قزوین، ایران. 0009-0001-6468-0557 وحید رنجبر حیدری استادیار روابط بین الملل گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)قزوین، قزوین، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) 0009-0001-6468-0557 مجید بزرگمهری استاد گروه علوم سیاسی دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره) قزوین، قزوین، ایران. 0000-0002-2715-8997 Journal Article 2025 04 14 Introduction: The present study examines the role of cultural diplomacy components in strengthening relations between Iran and Kuwait. Focusing on the theoretical framework of functionalism and employing a descriptive-analytical method, this study analyzes the challenges and opportunities facing the cultural diplomacy of the two countries. This study aims to: 1) explain the role of cultural diplomacy in bilateral relations between Iran and Kuwait; 2) identify common cultural components between the two countries; 3) analyze the challenges and opportunities of cultural diplomacy in the Persian Gulf region; and 4) provide solutions to strengthen cultural interactions and their impact on political-economic relations. Methods: This research was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, drawing on library resources, official documents, and field data. Data collection tools included: content analysis of diplomatic documents; interviews with experts in international relations and cultural diplomacy; and a review of joint cultural programs between Iran and Kuwait. Findings: First, historical and cultural commonalities between Iran and Kuwait include: a shared history dating back centuries, with historical commonalities in trade, navigation, and cultural migrations; the influence of the Persian language on local dialects in Kuwait, alongside the presence of shared poets and writers; and religious commonalities (Shia and Sunni) that play a role in strengthening interfaith dialogue. Second, the components of cultural diplomacy between Iran and Kuwait comprise: academic and scientific exchange (granting scholarships to Kuwaiti students and offering Persian language courses); artistic and cinematic cooperation (participation in film festivals and art exhibitions); media relations (broadcasting joint television programs and producing cultural content); and cultural tourism (developing pilgrimages and historical tours between the two countries). Third, the challenges facing cultural diplomacy include: political differences and the impact of regional tensions on the decline of cultural cooperation; media constraints, specifically insufficient coverage of Iranian cultural events in Kuwaiti media; and a lack of joint cultural institutions, highlighting the need to establish cultural houses and sustainable friendship associations. Fourth, opportunities for cultural diplomacy consist of: educational capacities (expanding joint international universities); citizen diplomacy (strengthening the role of non-governmental organizations in cultural interactions); and the cultural economy (developing creative industries such as film, music, and handicrafts as a platform for cooperation). Conclusion: The findings show that cultural diplomacy between Iran and Kuwait, despite political challenges, possesses considerable dynamism. Developing cultural indicators such as academic exchanges, media cooperation, and tourism can help strengthen bilateral relations. The research’s recommendations include: 1) establishing a joint Iran-Kuwait Cultural Council for long-term planning; 2) increasing the budget for cultural programs in the embassies of the two countries; and 3) using digital diplomacy to attract young people through social networks. This research demonstrates that cultural diplomacy can act as a bridge to reduce political tensions and strengthen regional cooperation. By relying on historical commonalities and investing in education and the arts, Iran and Kuwait can provide a successful model of international cooperation in West Asia. جمهوری اسلامی ایران از اعصار گذشته در کنار سایر شئون دیپلماسی، با بهره‌مندی از دیپلماسی فرهنگی، اقدام به تعامل و همکاری با سایر کشورها نموده است. مسئله اصلی این پژوهـش، میزان اثرگذاری دیپلماسی فرهنگی ایران به‌عنوان یکی از حوزه‌های دیپلماسی در روابط بین‌الملل با کشور کویت از طریق اثرگذاری فرهنگ، هنر و آموزش بود که این نوع دیپلماسی با استفاده از عناصر فرهنگی، بر افکار عمومی ملت‌ها تأثیر گذاشته و به تقویت تفاهم متقابل و دیپلماسی عمومی این دو کشور کمک بسزایی نموده است. سؤال اصلی پژوهش، بررسی امکان‌پذیری مؤلفه‌های دیپلماسی فرهنگی بین ایران و کویت، به‌عنوان راهبرد جدید در توسعه و استحکام روابط این دو کشور بود که با استفاده از چارچوب نظری کارکردگرایی و با روش پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلی و با استفاده از ابزار و منابع کتابخانه‌ای و ابزار تحلیل کیفی عناصر فرهنگی و اجتماعی مشترک دو کشور، فرضیه پژوهش مؤید آن بود که؛ فرصت‌ها و چالش‌های دیپلماسی فرهنگی جمهوری اسلامی ایران و پادشاهی کویت بر پایه اشتراکات تاریخی، جغرافیایی و فرهنگی بنا شده است. لذا دیپلماسی فرهنگی تلاش نموده از ظرفیت‌های مشترک اجتماعی و فرهنگی جهت تقویت همکاری‌ و همگرایی ایران و کویت استفاده نموده و این مدل به‌عنوان جایگزین دیپلماسی سیاسی، تاکنون راهگشای توسعه روابط بین‌الملل ایران با کویت در عصر جدید بوده است. اگرچه چالش‌های سیاسی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی متعددی پیش روی این دو کشور بوده اما عواملی همچون؛ وجود روابط مستحکم و قدیمی اجتماعی، حضور ایرانیان مقیم کویت، برگزاری مراسم فرهنگی، نمایشگاه‌های مشترک هنری، سفرهای زیارتی و سیاحتی متقابل اتباع دو کشور و... موجب تقویت دیپلماسی فرهنگی ایران و کویت گردیده و توانسته است جایگزین مناسبی برای توسعه روابط سیاسی در شرایط جاری گردد.

https://scsj.ricac.ac.ir/article_233765_67c867d9f4228bfcb0182650c87641ab.pdf

پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات فصلنامه علمی مطالعات راهبردی فرهنگ 2783-3577 6 1 2026 04 21 Exploring the role of social media in representing and controlling the political behavior of organizational managers: A contextual study in Yazd city کاوش نقش رسانه‌های اجتماعی در بازنمایی و کنترل رفتار سیاسی مدیران سازمانی: یک مطالعه زمینه‌ای در شهر یزد 191 224 227608 10.22083/scsj.2025.525483.1288 FA سعید رستگاری دانشجوی دکتری علوم ارتباطات، گروه علوم ارتباطات، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد میبد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میبد، ایران 0009-0008-0217-7834 سیدعلیرضا افشانی استاد جامعه‌شناسی، گروه جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول) 0000-0002-2311-3329 علی محمد مزیدی شرف آبادی استادیار علوم ارتباطات اجتماعی، گروه علوم ارتباطات، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد میبد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، میبد، ایران. محمد سلطانی فر استاد علوم ارتباطات اجتماعی، گروه علوم ارتباطات، واحد علوم تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران 0000-0003-1006-8298 Journal Article 2025 05 24 Introduction: In recent decades, political behavior has garnered increasing attention from scholars in management and sociology, particularly within public sector organizations. Political behavior-often rooted in power dynamics, social interactions, and personal or group interests-can significantly influence organizational decision-making and frequently occurs outside formal and legal frameworks. In contexts where formal oversight mechanisms are limited or ineffective, modern communication tools-especially social media-offer new avenues for public monitoring and the exertion of social pressure. With their multifaceted roles in information dissemination, civic engagement, and the representation of realities, social media have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing transparency, promoting accountability, and even regulating political behaviors within organizations. This study focuses on public sector organizations in Yazd, Iran, and employs a qualitative approach to investigate how social media can represent and regulate the political behaviors of organizational managers and employees. It seeks to answer the core research question: How do social media platforms contribute to the representation and control of political behavior among organizational actors? Methods: This research adopts a qualitative approach grounded in the methodology of grounded theory. The aim was to generate a theory rooted in empirical data through a three-stage coding process-open, axial, and selective-and to present the findings within a paradigmatic model. The sampling process began with purposive sampling and continued through theoretical sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. Participants were selected based on two criteria: a minimum of five years of work experience in public organizations in Yazd, and a willingness to participate in in-depth interviews. Theoretical saturation was reached after 17 in-depth interviews. Data collection and analysis were carried out iteratively and simultaneously. Each interview was recorded, transcribed, and coded line by line. In the open coding phase, initial concepts were extracted and then merged into subcategories and core categories. During axial coding, a paradigmatic model was developed encompassing causal conditions, contextual and intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. Finally, in the selective coding phase, the core category and the emergent theory were formulated based on theoretical sensitivity. Ethical considerations-such as informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity, and the prevention of harm-were rigorously upheld. The validity of the findings was ensured through prolonged field engagement, participant validation, triangulation with credible sources, concurrent data analysis, and peer review of the codes. Findings: The findings of this study yielded 12 main categories and one core category. The central phenomenon identified was the media-based deterrence of political behavior, which materializes within public organizations through the interaction of causal, contextual, and intervening factors. Key causal factors included public power-based surveillance, disclosure of organizational corruption, media empowerment, representation of financial misconduct, and dual-fronted resistance to political behavior. The creation of online infrastructures for countering political behavior emerged as a key enabler in this process. Strategic responses to facilitate deterrence mainly included public critique of organizational power groups and linguistic participation by citizens in rejecting political behavior. These strategies have fostered a form of media-driven order that promotes transparency, enhances accountability, and reduces instances of political behavior within administrative structures. Conclusion: The study concludes that within the context of networked societies, social media function as a new form of panopticism, playing a central role in deterring political behavior by organizational managers. Unlike classical surveillance systems aimed at increasing employee productivity, social media expose managerial actions to public scrutiny, thereby compelling transparency, accountability, and responsiveness. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s theoretical framework, this form of grassroots surveillance represents a reverse disciplinary power-a bottom-up mechanism of control. Similarly, within the theoretical context of Manuel Castells, social media act as instruments of counter-power, enabling the free flow of information and enhancing users’ interactive capacities to reveal corruption, challenge power structures, and reject political behavior. This digital counter-power disrupts the monopoly of traditional organizational oversight, renders managerial actions visible, and reconfigures power relations within organizational settings. Thus, media-based deterrence constitutes not only a novel form of networked control but also signals a shift in power from formal bureaucracies to networked societal actors. Through linguistic participation, social critique, and transparency, these actors challenge the legitimacy of political behavior in organizations. As such, social media serve as strategic deterrents that contribute to reshaping organizational ethics and the distribution of power. تحقیق حاضر باهدف کاوش نقش رسانه‌های اجتماعی در بازنمایی و کنترل رفتار سیاسی مدیران سازمان‌های دولتی شهر یزد انجام شد. برای رسیدن به هدف مزبور، نویسندگان مقاله از روش‌شناسی کیفی و رویکرد نظریه داده‌بنیاد استفاده کرده‌اند. جامعه‌ هدف، کارکنان و مدیران ادارات دولتی شهر یزد شهر یزد بودند که با نمونه‌گیری نظری و هدفمند تعداد 17 نفر آن‌ها جهت اخذ مصاحبه عمیق انتخاب شد. فرایند نمونه‌گیری در این تحقیق تا مرحله اشباع اطلاعات ادامه یافت به شکلی که مصاحبه جدید تأثیری در پیشبرد نظریه نهایی نداشت. داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌شده در این تحقیق با استفاده از سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی تحلیل شده است و نتایج آن در قالب 12 مقوله اصلی و 1 مقوله نهایی به همراه مدل پارادایمی، خط داستان ارائه شد. یافته‌های به‌دست‌آمده حاکی از آن است که «بازدارندگی رسانه‌ای رفتار سیاسی» به‌عنوان پدیده مرکزی به دنبال مجموعه‌ای از عواملی چون نظارت قدرت‌مآبانه مردمی، شفاف‌سازی فساد سازمانی، قدرت‌گیری رسانه، بازنمایی فساد مالی، مبارزه دووجهی با رفتار سیاسی و بستر‌سازی برخط مبارزه با رفتار سیاسی به همراه مجموعه‌ای از عوامل زمینه‌ای و مداخله‌گر ایجاد می‌شود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد ایجاد بازدارندگی رسانه‌ای در رفتار سیاسی مستلزم به‌کارگیری دو راهبرد اصلی ازجمله نقد گروه‌های قدرت سازمان و طرد رفتار سیاسی با مشارکت زبانی است.

https://scsj.ricac.ac.ir/article_227608_a4af0d3756fe7b7eb36a6cc2fc2ec0b8.pdf

پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات فصلنامه علمی مطالعات راهبردی فرهنگ 2783-3577 6 1 2026 04 21 Identifying underlying factor in the carpet commercialization model of Markazi Province, Case study: Saroog carpet شناسایی عوامل زمینه‌ای در مدل تجاری‌سازی فرش استان مرکزی، مطالعه موردی: فرش ساروق 225 249 232424 10.22083/scsj.2025.538370.1301 FA حسن اکبری گروه مدیریت ، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران 0009-0009-4983-7462 مهرداد صادقی گروه مدیریت ، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) 0000-0002-7712-1463 بدری شاه طالبی گروه مدیریت آموزشی ، واحد اصفهان( خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران، Journal Article 2025 07 31 Introduction: Handicrafts represent traditions, skills, and sources of income. Among them, handwoven carpets are a key component, categorized into handmade and machine-made types. The Persian carpet, as a cultural and commercial symbol of Iran, has recently faced several challenges, including a decline in demand, marketing issues, poor material quality, workforce shortages, and foreign competition. Commercialization serves as the process of transforming ideas into marketable products, thereby creating value. Several commercialization models, such as those proposed by Goldsmith and Kubo, highlight the mechanisms of this transformation. This study focuses on the Sarough carpet of Arak, a well-known export brand, emphasizing its contributions to employment generation, competitiveness, exports, quality improvement, tourism development, cultural preservation, financial management, and business growth. Commercialization is defined as the conversion of an idea into a product through coordinated activities in marketing, finance, and production. Despite its historical strength in carpet exports, Iran’s global market share has dropped from 26 percent to much lower levels, mainly due to sanctions, emerging competitors, and weak marketing strategies. Therefore, adopting an aggressive revitalization strategy is essential for restoring the industry’s global position. Methods: This study is qualitative and applied, conducted using the grounded theory approach. Data were collected through library research (books and academic articles) and semi-structured interviews. The statistical population included carpet experts, managers, and management professors, among whom 15 participants were selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. The credibility of the data was ensured using the criteria of Corbin and Strauss and Lincoln and Guba-including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The reliability of the data was confirmed through inter-coder agreement (73%). The sample comprised eight academic experts and seven practitioners, with five holding master’s degrees and ten holding doctorates. Data analysis was performed using open, axial, and selective coding, leading to the development of the final conceptual model based on the relationships among extracted concepts. Findings: The analysis of interview data led to the identification of 32 subcategories grouped into six main categories of contextual factors influencing the dynamism of the carpet industry. First, economic stability emerged as a key factor, encompassing elements such as exchange rate fluctuations, inflation, and investment risk, all of which play a crucial role in maintaining market stability. Second, skilled labor was identified as a major challenge, reflecting the shortage of experienced weavers and human resource difficulties. Third, education-covering areas such as production, sales, and commercialization-was recognized as a vital element for improving quality and expanding the market. Fourth, meritocracy was identified as a managerial factor, involving the selection of specialists, the inclusion of young professionals, and the presence of inexperienced individuals in decision-making processes. Fifth, the status of the Carpet Center, characterized by weak management and unstable pricing systems, was recognized as another significant category. Finally, growth and development, with emphasis on branding of Arak carpets and the revival of Sarough carpets, was identified as a contextual driver enhancing the industry’s standing. Collectively, these six categories form a coherent framework of contextual conditions affecting the sustainability and development of the carpet industry. Conclusion: The Persian carpet, as a symbol of Iranian culture, requires commercial revitalization to regain its global prominence. Recommendations include monitoring the supply chain, establishing carpet-focused NGOs, and enhancing governmental support in areas such as financial aid, intellectual property protection, and online platforms. Furthermore, adopting a resilient economic strategy and developing a comprehensive development plan-covering financial, marketing, educational, and competitive aspects-are crucial. Additional measures include introducing carpet identification certificates, exporter standardization and ranking systems, price reduction strategies, post-sanction recovery programs, gradual reduction of state dependency, the creation of a carpet museum, and subsidies for exhibition participation. Together, these initiatives can strengthen Iran’s carpet industry, promote sustainable development, and preserve its cultural heritage. این پژوهش باهدف شناسایی عوامل زمینه‌ای در مدل تجاری‌سازی فرش ساروق در استان مرکزی بر اساس نظر خبرگان دانشگاهی و اجرایی با استفاده از روش کیفی و استراتژی «داده بنیاد» انجام شد. در این تحقیق که یک پژوهش بنیادی از نوع توصیفی اکتشافی است، ابزار اصلی پژوهش مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با افراد آگاه و متخصص در حیطه موضوع پژوهش بود که نمونه‌گیری به‌صورت گلوله‌برفی از میان خبرگان، متخصصین و مدیران صاحب‌نظر و مرتبط با صنعت فرش که ویژگی‌های موردنظر را داشتند انجام شد. پس از انجام 15 مصاحبه و جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، کدهای به‌دست‌آمده در بخش‌های مختلف تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد و در مراحل سه‌گانه کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی برخی مفاهیم، مقوله‌های رویش یافته از درون داده‌ها تا رسیدن به اشباع، شناسایی گردید. درنهایت بر اساس دیدگاه مصاحبه‌شوندگان این پژوهش 36 مفهوم، 5 مقوله فرعی در زیرمجموعة مقولة اصلی عوامل زمینه‌ای تجاری‌سازی فرش ساروق استخراج شد. با بهره‌گیری از عوامل می‌توان در ایجاد و تقویت تجاری‌سازی فرش ساروق در استان مرکزی بهره گرفت.

https://scsj.ricac.ac.ir/article_232424_45c49f0ba0ce80a9a088777455ec909a.pdf

پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات فصلنامه علمی مطالعات راهبردی فرهنگ 2783-3577 6 1 2026 04 21 A Sociological Analysis of the Phenomenon of Tattooing among Adolescents and Young Adults in Mahabad: Semantic Implications and Policy Imperatives تحلیل جامعه‌شناختی پدیده خالکوبی در میان نوجوانان و جوانان مهابادی: دلالت‌های معنایی و الزامات سیاستی آن 251 295 232662 10.22083/scsj.2025.540601.1302 FA فاطمه خضری دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. 0009-0003-4983-4188 افشار کبیری دانشیار گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول) 0009-0002-9442-130X جواد جهانگیرزاده استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران. 0009-0006-9051-2254 Journal Article 2025 08 11 Introduction: The phenomenon of tattooing, as one of the most controversial and meaningful practices among adolescents and young people, has consistently attracted the attention of researchers in sociology. This is because tattooing represents a manifestation of subcultures that form and spread beneath the surface of society, even when official institutions are reluctant to accept or publicize them. As a growing social and cultural behavior among youth, tattooing warrants scholarly investigation. This study, titled “Semantic Implications of the Tattooing Phenomenon Among the Youth of Mahabad City,” examines this phenomenon within the socio-cultural context of Mahabad using a social interpretive approach. The main objective was to uncover the motives and underlying reasons for tattooing among youth, as well as how they interpret and define this phenomenon. Methods: This study aimed to understand the semantic implications of tattooing among the youth of Mahabad city. It adopted an interpretive approach and employed the qualitative method of grounded theory. The statistical population consisted of adolescents and young people aged 15 to 35 in Mahabad who had at least one tattoo experience. A combination of purposive and snowball sampling methods was used, and theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 23 individuals. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and participant observation, and were analyzed using a three-stage coding procedure (open, axial, and selective). Findings: The coding process yielded six axial categories: ambiguous and multi-layered identities, generational and social conflicts, multilayered symbol selection, psychological needs, inhibitory structures, and facilitating structures-all of which are mutually related to the central category. The core category, “redefining identity through the body as a space of resistance,” was extracted as the central concept of the research. The findings indicate that tattooing among the youth of Mahabad is not merely an aesthetic act but rather a meaningful social action rooted in psychological, identity-related, and protest needs. This concept demonstrates that Mahabadi youth use the tattooed body as a space to redefine their personal, cultural, and ethnic identities in opposition to dominant social structures and institutions. The research further reveals that tattooing among Mahabadi youth functions as a symbolic tool for redefining identity against prevailing social, cultural, and political structures. In a society where young people navigate the intersection of local-ethnic (Kurdish), national-religious (Iranian-Islamic), and modern (globalized) identities, tattooing serves as a response to identity ambiguities through the selection of multilayered symbols. These symbols simultaneously express individuality and collective belonging, transforming the body into a space for articulating neglected identities. The results indicate that the search for meaning and identity is the primary motivation for young people to get tattoos, reflecting a multi-layered and multi-dimensional identity. The types of tattoo designs can be classified into several main categories: symbols of ethnic identity, protest symbols, romantic symbols, and philosophical and artistic symbols. This diversity points to the plurality of ideas and identity discourses among adolescents and young people in Mahabad. Conclusion: In conclusion, the phenomenon of tattooing among the youth of Mahabad city operates as a meaningful social and cultural act that transcends mere aesthetics and fashion. The findings show that tattooing is a multidimensional phenomenon related to multi-layered identities, generational conflicts, and psychological needs, and that it functions as a space of symbolic resistance against dominant social and cultural structures. This act is not only an expression of personal and ethnic identity but also provides an opportunity for youth to actively introduce and redefine themselves in the face of local norms and global influences. Therefore, tattooing in this context is understood as a symbol of the search for meaning and identity, as well as a form of protest against social and cultural limitations. در دهه‌های اخیر، پدیده خالکوبی به‌عنوان یک پدیده چندبعدی اجتماعی، فرهنگی و روان‌شناختی موردتوجه پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. هدف این پژوهش، فهم دلالت‌های معنایی خالکوبی در میان جوانان شهرستان مهاباد است. برای دستیابی به این هدف، تحقیق با رویکرد تفسیرگرای اجتماعی به روش کیفی داده بنیاد انجام شده است. جامعۀ آماری این مقاله شامل نوجوانان و جوانان 15 تا 35 ساله شهرستان مهاباد بودند که حداقل یک تجربه خالکوبی در بدن خود داشتند. روش نمونه‌گیری در این پژوهش به دو روش هدفمند و گلوله برفی بوده که پس از مصاحبه با 23 نفر اشباع نظری حاصل شد. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختاریافته و مشاهده مشارکتی جمع‌آوری شد و با استفاده از روش کدگذاری سه‌مرحله‌ای (باز، محوری و گزینشی) تحلیل گردید. پس از کدگذاری درمجموع، 6 مقوله محوری شامل هویت‌های مبهم و چندلایه، تعارضات نسلی و اجتماعی، گزینش نمادهای چندلایه، نیازهای روان‌شناختی، سازه‌های بازدارنده و سازه‌های تسهیل‌کننده شناسایی شدند که به‌طور متقابل با مقوله مرکزی در ارتباط هستند. همچنین مقوله مرکزی «بازتعریف هویت از طریق بدن به‌مثابه فضای مقاومت» به‌عنوان مفهوم هسته‌ای تحقیق از یافته‌ها استخراج شده است. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که خالکوبی در میان جوانان مهاباد تنها یک عمل زیبایی‌شناختی نیست، بلکه نوعی کنش معنادار اجتماعی است که ریشه در نیازهای روانی، هویتی و اعتراضی فرد دارد. این مفهوم نشان می‌دهد که جوانان مهاباد از بدن خالکوبی‌شده به‌عنوان فضایی برای بازتعریف هویت شخصی، فرهنگی و قومی خود در برابر ساختارهای اجتماعی و نهادهای مسلط استفاده می‌کنند.

https://scsj.ricac.ac.ir/article_232662_0cce9ac2efa9d71a1ac438f530468c9f.pdf

پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات فصلنامه علمی مطالعات راهبردی فرهنگ 2783-3577 6 1 2026 04 21 The optimal model of intercultural communication in the situation of intercultural conflict (Analysis of the Content of the Quranic Story of Solomon (PBUH) and the Queen of Sheba) مدل مطلوب ارتباطات میان‌فرهنگی در موقعیت تعارض میان‌فرهنگی (تحلیل مضمون داستان قرآنی حضرت سلیمان (ع) و ملکه سبأ) 297 328 230535 10.22083/scsj.2025.521214.1281 FA کریم خان محمدی استاد فرهنگ و ارتباطات، گروه مطالعات فرهنگی و ارتباطات، دانشگاه باقرالعلوم، قم، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) 0000-0002-8174-1550 محمد رضابیگی علم آبادی دکتری فرهنگ و ارتباطات، دانشگاه باقرالعلوم علیه‌السلام، قم. ایران. 0009-0001-8161-7891 Journal Article 2025 05 04 In the contemporary world, where societies are increasingly interconnected, intercultural communication plays a fundamental role in interpersonal, organizational, and international interactions. This form of communication is shaped by cultural differences, and when two cultures with distinct backgrounds and values come into contact, cultural conflicts may arise. In some cases, such interactions can proceed smoothly with minimal challenges; however, in many situations, disparities in beliefs, values, and behaviors among parties complicate communication and transform it into cultural conflict. Such circumstances require the application of effective communication strategies and conflict management in order to achieve mutual understanding or cultural transformation. A prominent example of cultural conflict management can be found in the Quranic narrative of Prophet Solomon (PBUH) and the Queen of Sheba. This account depicts the encounter of two entirely different value and cultural systems, wherein Prophet Solomon (PBUH) faces a queen who holds differing beliefs not only religiously but also socially and politically. The author aims to examine the story of Prophet Solomon (PBUH) and the Queen of Sheba in order to present a model of intercultural communication under conditions of intercultural conflict. The main questions addressed in this research are: How was conflict management carried out in this narrative? What interactional strategies were employed to resolve the conflict? And what are the stages of the cultural transformation process within this interaction? Investigating this topic not only contributes to a deeper understanding of Quranic concepts but can also serve as a strategic model for managing intercultural conflicts in contemporary societies. The research method is qualitative, and data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. The primary objective of this method is to identify and analyze patterns of meaning (themes) within a textual or verbal dataset. In this study, the initial data were collected from verses 20 to 43 of Surah An-Naml and the exegeses related to the story of Prophet Solomon (PBUH) and the Queen of Sheba, following Clarke’s six-phase process. Analysis of the Quranic story of Prophet Solomon and the Queen of Sheba demonstrates that this narrative presents a comprehensive model of Intercultural Communication Competence (ICC) across three principal axes: intercultural conflict management, intercultural communication strategies, and the process of cultural transformation. In the dimension of intercultural conflict management, the precise identification of the sources of conflict across three domains-the governance system, the belief system, and the components of power-highlights the importance of the cognitive dimension of intercultural competence. The inclination toward constructive dialogue and creative conflict resolution through intelligent diplomacy, rather than resorting to violence, is another prominent feature of this model. The intercultural communication strategies in this narrative encompass four main approaches: intelligent observation of the counterpart, formal diplomatic communication, coercive diplomacy, and scientific and technological diplomacy. Intelligent observation reflects flexibility and openness; formal diplomatic communication represents the management of intercultural relations; coercive diplomacy embodies intercultural stability; and scientific and technological diplomacy demonstrates cultural sensitivity. The communication strategies employed in this story correspond to the nine key constructs of intercultural competence. The process of cultural transformation in this model consists of four stages: encountering a new situation, consultation and reflection, evaluation of the situation, and confrontation and attitudinal transformation. This process is a tangible embodiment of the tripartite dimensions of intercultural competence (cognitive, affective, and behavioral). Encountering a new situation along with consultation and reflection manifests the cognitive dimension. Evaluating the situation signifies the affective dimension, and attitudinal transformation represents the behavioral dimension. This process illustrates that cultural change is gradual and founded upon cognition and acceptance. The most significant finding of this research is the presentation of an integrated model of intercultural communication in conflict situations (Figure 1), which can also be applied in managing contemporary cultural conflicts. This model, derived from the Quranic story of Prophet Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, demonstrates that successful management of intercultural conflicts requires an accurate understanding of the sources of conflict, the combined application of intelligent communication strategies (ranging from observation to various forms of diplomacy), and an appreciation of the step-by-step process of cultural transformation. The model emphasizes the importance of dialogue, flexibility, and the utilization of power (soft and hard) alongside deep cultural understanding, and it can serve as a practical framework for managing intercultural conflicts in today’s world. در دنیای کنونی، ارتباطات میان‌فرهنگی نقشی اساسی در تعاملات بین‌المللی ایفا می‌کند، اما گاهی تفاوت‌های میان‌فرهنگی زمینه‌ساز تعارض می‌گردند که مدیریت مؤثر آن‌ها ضروری است. داستان قرآنی حضرت سلیمان (ع) و ملکه سبأ نمونه‌ای شاخص از مدیریت تعارض میان‌فرهنگی در ارتباطات میان‌فرهنگی است. این پژوهش با هدف ارائه الگویی از ارتباطات میان‌فرهنگی در موقعیت تعارض به تحلیل مضمون این داستان قرآنی پرداخته تا مدلی مطلوب برای این نوع از ارتباطات معاصر ارائه دهد. روش تحقیق کیفی و مبتنی بر تحلیل مضمون آیات 20 تا 43 سوره نمل قرآن کریم و تفاسیر مرتبط است. برای استخراج و کدگذاری مضامین و اطمینان از دقت، از روش شش‌مرحله‌ای تحلیل مضمون استفاده شده و ابزار تحلیل شبکه‌ مضمون بوده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که این داستان الگویی جامع از صلاحیت ارتباطات میان‌فرهنگی (ICC) در موقعیت تعارض میان‌فرهنگی را ارائه می‌دهد. این الگو در سه محور اصلی شامل «مدیریت تعارض میان‌فرهنگی» (شناسایی دقیق منشأ تعارضات در نظام حکمرانی، اعتقاد و قدرت و اهمیت گفتگوی سازنده و دیپلماسی هوشمندانه با پرهیز هوشمندانه از خشونت)، «راهبردهای ارتباطی میان‌فرهنگی» (رصد هوشمندانه، ارتباطات رسمی دیپلماتیک، دیپلماسی قهری و دیپلماسی علمی و فناوری) که نشان‌دهنده انعطاف، گشودگی، ثبات، حساسیت میان‌فرهنگی، قدرت چانه‌زنی و روابط دوجانبه هستند و با سازه‌های اصلی ICC منطبق‌اند و «فرایند تحول فرهنگی» شامل مراحل (مواجهه با موقعیت جدید، مشورت و تأمل، ارزیابی موقعیت و مواجهه و تحول نگرش) که تجسم ابعاد سه‌گانه شناختی، عاطفی و رفتاری ICC است، سازماندهی شده است. نتیجه اصلی پژوهش ارائه مدل یکپارچه ارتباطات میان‌فرهنگی در موقعیت تعارض میان‌فرهنگی است که مستلزم ترکیب قدرت نرم و سخت همراه با درک عمیق از پیشینه فرهنگی طرف مقابل است.

https://scsj.ricac.ac.ir/article_230535_d39f8be35e744c451475a943dce55d4e.pdf

پژوهشگاه فرهنگ، هنر و ارتباطات فصلنامه علمی مطالعات راهبردی فرهنگ 2783-3577 6 1 2026 04 21 Analysis of the curriculum implementation pattern of mosque-centered schools; case study of Masjedestan School in Tehran and Hazrat Ruhollah School in Mashhad واکاوی الگوی اجرای برنامه ‌درسی مدارس مسجدمحور؛ مورد مطالعه مدرسه مسجدستان تهران و حضرت روح الله مشهد 329 354 240774 10.22083/scsj.2026.556228.1327 FA علیرضا اکبری دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جامعه‌شناسی سیاسی، دانشکده معارف اسلامی و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه امام صادق علیه‌السلام، تهران، ایران.( نویسنده مسئول) 0009-0000-3251-7379 محمدرضا برزویی دانشیار گروه ارتباطات و رسانه، دانشکده معارف اسلامی و فرهنگ و ارتباطات، دانشگاه امام صادق علیه‌السلام، تهران، ایران 0009-0000-3251-7379 Journal Article 2025 10 29 Subject: This research aims to explain the curriculum implementation model in mosque-centered schools, and has conducted a case study of two schools: Masjestan and Hazrat Ruhollah. These schools, as transformational models in the country’s formal education system, have been formed with the aim of eliminating educational and training gaps and in line with the implementation of the Fundamental Education Transformation Document and the National Curriculum Document. What is carefully prepared in the curriculum design stage in the form of upstream documents and in the compilation stage in the form of textbooks, regulations, and notifications, must ultimately be implemented in the school, otherwise all previous efforts will be in vain. Therefore, achieving an efficient model in curriculum implementation is an undeniable necessity. Methodology: The research method is descriptive-analytical with a qualitative approach that uses a combination of documentary methods, semi-structured interviews, and field observation to collect data, and data analysis was carried out using thematic analysis and thematic network approaches. Given that one of the criticisms of the case study method is the low internal and external validity, the use of triangulation in qualitative research, especially in case analysis, helps to overcome this deficiency. For this purpose, the correspondence of the thematic network of the curriculum implementation model extracted from the interviews with the existing empirical data and objective observations has been examined. After studying the documentation of mosque-centered schools and conducting interviews, all the concepts of the resulting text were coded. In the next stage, basic themes, as well as organizing and overarching themes, were extracted from the initial codes. Finally, in order to validate the results, the extracted organizing themes were matched with the documentary data and the researcher’s field observations using the data triangulation method. Findings: The research sought to answer the central question: What model do mosque-centered schools use in implementing the curriculum? The findings show that the curriculum implementation model of these schools is based on three main axes: “human factors”, “educational environment”, and “implementation methods and strategies”. In analyzing the basic, organizing, and comprehensive themes of this research, it was found that mosque-centered schools, by emphasizing the human factors of curriculum implementation and its implementation methods and strategies, have been efficient and effective in achieving the goals of the Fundamental Education Transformation Document and the National Curriculum Document. One of the outstanding features of mosque-centered schools is the prominent role of principals in guiding and coordinating curricula and training. The principals of these schools are known not only as educational leaders, but also as the main supporters of teachers and students. The direct and intimate communication of the principals with teachers and students allows them to be closely informed about the problems and challenges and to improve the educational and training process by making effective and timely decisions. The principals of these schools actively have regular and effective meetings with teachers and are present alongside the teachers in the educational environment, which ensures that the coordination between the educational and training goals in the school is carried out in the best possible way. Conclusion: The central role of principals reflects Fullan’s (2007) emphasis on the importance of local characteristics (including the role of the school principal) in the curriculum implementation process and shows that in practice the principal has acted as a determining local variable. Another strength of these schools is the role of the instructors. The teacher is at the forefront of implementing the curriculum. The initiative of using instructors in these schools not only contributes to the transfer of knowledge to students, but also to the upbringing and development of their moral and social dimensions. In mosque-centered schools, instructors, as individuals with valuable and educated personality traits, have a much closer and broader relationship with students than the teacher. This close and broad relationship means that they have a much greater capacity to implement the curriculum than teachers in regular schools. Given their intimate relationships and ability to accurately understand the needs of students, instructors can be effective educational and scientific models for them, thereby contributing to more effective implementation of curricula. In summary, the analysis of the executive role of instructors and principals in answering the main research question of the program implementation model in mosque-centered schools shows that active human resources close to students are important factors in facilitating the implementation of the curriculum in these schools. این پژوهش با هدف تبیین الگوی اجرای برنامه درسی در مدارس مسجدمحور، به مطالعه موردی دو مدرسه مسجدستان و حضرت روح‌الله پرداخته است. این مدارس به‌عنوان الگوهای تحول‌خواه در نظام آموزش رسمی کشور، با هدف رفع خلأهای آموزشی و تربیتی و در راستای اجرای سند تحول بنیادین آموزش و پرورش و سند برنامه درسی ملی شکل گرفته‌اند. روش پژوهش، توصیفی-تحلیلی با رویکرد کیفی است که از ترکیب روش‌های اسنادی، مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته و مشاهده میدانی برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها استفاده کرده و تحلیل داده‌ها با روش تحلیل مضمون و رویکرد شبکه مضامین انجام شده است. پژوهش به دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش محوری بوده که مدارس مسجدمحور؛ از چه الگویی در اجرای برنامه درسی استفاده می‌کنند؟ یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که الگوی اجرای برنامه درسی این مدارس بر سه محور اصلی «عوامل انسانی»، «محیط آموزشی» و «روش‌ها و راهبردهای اجرایی» استوار است. عوامل انسانی شامل نقش محوری مدیر در هدایت، هماهنگی و ارتباط صمیمی با مربیان و دانش‌آموزان و نقش مربیان در تعلیم و تربیت همه‌جانبه برجسته است. محیط آموزشی معنوی و صمیمی مسجد، استفاده از آموزش مشارکتی، کاربردی و شخصی‌سازی‌شده و ارزشیابی مستمر، چندبعدی و فرایندمحور که اضطراب امتحان را کاهش داده و یادگیری را تسهیل می‌کنند؛ از دیگر عناصر این الگو هستند. ناگفته نماند که تأکید بر مشارکت خانواده‌ها، اجرای کارآمد برنامه درسی را تسهیل می‌کند. با این‌حال، عدم شفافیت برنامه درسی این مدارس و انتقاد برخی از صاحب‌نظران در نتیجه آن، نیاز به پژوهش و حمایت بیشتر از این مدارس را روشن می‌سازد.

https://scsj.ricac.ac.ir/article_240774_87c4de00bb43761cd424c2f690410654.pdf